This paper describes part of the results of recent research carried out in Brazil and the UK, which investigated the perceptions by academic social scientists of the impact of electronic publishing on the information dissemination process within their scholarly communities. Results showed that there have been similar experiences by both communities of researchers. Accordingly, it was observed that electronic communication in general, and electronic publishing in particular, have had an impact on both the scholarly community and the dissemination process within it. This is especially so in terms of the dynamics of interactions within the community and the pervasiveness of the electronic media in the stages of the process. It was found that the scholarly community has both expanded their boundaries and increased the interactions at international level. Moreover, the traditional model of the dissemination process, as entirely based on the print media does not exist anymore. On the other hand, an entirely electronic based model, as proposed by some authors, has not yet been fully implemented. Therefore, a hybrid dissemination model best depicts the situation so far. In this sense, the impact of electronic publishing, (that is, the formal aspects of the process –its final stage), on the dissemination of information amongst academic social scientists has been less strong than the impact of the use of electronic communication on informal contacts, (discussion with colleagues -its initial stages), which has become totally prevalent. Nevertheless, it has been foreseen by a number of respondents that there is an irreversible trend towards the prevalence of electronic media at all the stages of the process in the near future, especially in terms of electronic journals. However, electronic books are not yet under consideration by those scholars.

The McGovern Historical Collections and Research Center (http://mcgovern.library.tmc.edu), a unit within the Houston Academy of Medicine - Texas Medical Center Library (HAM-TMC Library), is building a web-based digital library of medical history concentrating on the State of Texas and the Texas Medical Center. Our goals are to increase the awareness and utilization of the large, rare, and culturally rich holdings of the Library and its partners. Founded in 1949 and located in Houston, Texas, the Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library was created to serve the information needs of the health sciences students, faculty, researchers, and community. This not only includes the community of the Texas Medical Center but also the greater community around it. HAM-TMC is a private library funded by a consortium of twenty medical institutions.

The physical medium signifies. Any document type within any medium offers a semiotic setting of its own, a particular document architecture [1]. Every transmission of a literary work affects its text [2] due to the particular media used and the choices made by the individual transmitter. Certain features of the textual work that can be expressed within the new architecture and its web of signs are preserved, while others are treated as noise, obscuring the essential text signals. This certainly holds true for the current transition of text: with each digitisation certain particulars of both the work and the tool are emphasised at the expense of others, and there is always some collision between different document architectures [3]. Furthermore, as any McLuhan student knows, a new media form poses as the old medium by imitating its very form. Any bibliological study will tell how the first printed books, known as the incunables, well into the 16th century tried to fit a previous medial expression into the economy of the new, and thereby did their best to pose as handwritten, illuminated manuscripts [4]. Such collisions and transitions have, to some extent, been studied within disciplines such as book history, editorial theory, textual criticism, and analytical and historical bibliography. One would therefore welcome more intense cooperative efforts between the currently "sexy" market of electronic publishing and the perhaps not-so-sexy competence of the latter disciplines.

The necessity for processing large increasing volumes of information - in commerce, business, or administration – in Russia has resulted in the growth in popularity of directories, containing information on various authorities and companies, as well as their activities. One of the characteristic attributes of such directories is the so-called "contact" information (address, telephones, etc). The necessity of fast search for the required information and demand for additional information services, naturally impossible in the usual "paper" directories, have led to the creation of electronic versions of such directories. It is possible, in fact, to search for an enterprise in accordance with its legal organizational form or by the name, using the traditional systems "yellow pages " - "white pages". But if a reverse search (for example, looking for a company name by entering its telephone number or address) is required, then the only solution would be an electronic version of the directory. On the other hand, either in business or administration activity, a spatial component of search is frequently of importance for the user. For example, one wants to find all grocery stores or perfume shops in a particular part of a city, or simply to understand where to search for the address "Moscow prospect, 44 ", thus, it becomes necessary to combine traditional content arrangement of directories with maps or schemes.

This paper will outline the means by which electronic media is organized and utilized in educational practice in the context of the secondary school system within the greater Toronto area in Ontario, Canada. Current models include computer mediated learning as an extension, resource and support for traditional classroom teaching and learning, the delivery of credit courses on-line which includes distance education, and co-operative education programs whereby students learn by working in areas outside their home region while being supervised and monitored by their home-based teacher. In addition to disclosing how these practices work, I will analyze some advantages as well as challenges arising from their deployment that derive from my research and discussion with teachers directly involved in such programs

As we leave the Industrial Age behind us and move into the Information Age, the transition from “bricks and mortar” commerce to electronic commerce and from paper to electronic publishing pose major challenges for international intellectual property regimes. Electronic commerce has taken off. Whatever concerns about consumer acceptance there were five years ago have given way to “click and mortar” business models where e-commerce has an established role complementing traditional commerce. The digital publishing market segment, approximately $8 billion today, is expected to reach $70 billion by 2004.1 A significant portion of the GDPs of the industrialized countries is now based on the production and distribution of knowledge. While there are still issues that need to be dealt with, primarily the infrastructure of consistent standards for transactions, digital commerce in digital property will certainly continue to grow.2 Copyright and patent law worldwide, of vital importance to the production and distribution of knowledge, are struggling to keep pace with advances in technology. Intellectual property experts speak of the “growing incoherence” and “incipient breakdown” of the international intellectual property system.”3 There is the possibility that much of traditional copyright law may be marginalized. Patents, too, are troubled. Two years ago the United States Patent and Trademarks Office began awarding patents for Internet business methods, such “one-clicking shopping” and “name your own price” reverse auctions.4 The awarding of these “junk” patents, which seem to fly in the face of the Patent Office’s requirement that an invention be original and not obvious, may pose a threat to innovation in e-commerce, since entrepreneurs would potentially be forced to license these patents before starting up their competing Web sites. The ability of an ordinary individual to make perfect digital copies and send them anywhere around the world undermines traditional copyright markets. Because of that fact, publishers have moved into electronic publishing with some hesitation. However, technical means are on the horizon that can restrict access to and uses of digitized works, which raises the specter of “all-consuming copyright owner control.”5 My perspective in all of this is that of a librarian who attempts to deal with practical issues relating to copyright on my campus. An appreciation of the evolving and complex interrelationship between library services and copyright law should be a part of every librarian’s expertise. At this conference I hope to gain a clearer understanding of developments in intellectual property outside the United States and of the technology that will drive those developments.

Government institutions, businesses and individual members of society - at least in the developed world - are increasingly required to become computer literate and knowledgeable about Web based electronic publishing. A key issue is what strategies can be employed to ensure that such skill development is achieved within a community and that the opportunities presented to a community by Web based electronic publishing are exploited to advantage? This paper addresses this question. Three case studies involving three distinct user groups - SMEs, Local Government and members of the community - are examined. Each applied the A.K.T.E.S framework: - awareness raising, know-how transfer, trial and evaluation and support through software development and trained personnel. This framework is critically evaluated and lessons learned from our experience reported.

Until the beginning of the last decade, the Internet was primarily used by scientific, educational, and military organisations for the exchange of information such as data files and electronic mail. The introduction of the easy-to-use hypertext system World Wide Web (WWW) has, however, begun a new era of the world-spanning computer network. In this paper we examine a part of the Information Marketplace (Dertouzos, 1997) that will give users of the WWW a wide range of new possibilities for gathering information, a task that is predominantly carried out using index-based (e.g., www.google.com, www.metacrawler.com) or catalogue-based search engines like www.yahoo.com, for example. One of the major shortcomings of search engines is the lack of semantic certainty that results from both the absence of structure in the indexed documents as well as insufficient methods of information extraction and information retrieval regarding a generalized conceptual level (vs. the statistics-based word level that is still the most common method in search engine technology). For this reason, the user of a search engine is very often confronted with lots of documents that are beyond the scope of his or her search query. The aforementioned lack of explicit structure in web documents will be overcome in the next few years by an augmented use of XML (Extensible Markup Language, Bray et al., 1998) and a simultaneous turning away from HTML (Hypertext Markup Language, Raggett et al., 1997) that only allows an annotation of rather coarse textual elements. However, this new structural variety and liberty of XML bears certain dangers: As XML allows a free definition of concrete markup languages like HTML, a lot of proprietary XML-based annotation schemata could emerge that, in turn, make the process of automatic information extraction by search engines not easier but even more difficult, as a large part of the Internet's and especially the World Wide Web's success is based on the standardization of concrete markup languages. In this paper, we outline a possible development that may counteract this XML babel. The main impetus for our prognosis is a paradigm in software development which has been successful for almost 20 years now. This paradigm, called Open Source (DiBona et al., 1999; Raymond, 1999), made possible, among other software packages, the free operating system Linux. The impetus behind Open Source will give new and decisive impulses for the use of quasi standardized XML-based markup languages and concrete schemata for related standards. These impulses will result in what we want to call Open Information.

The traditional way of publishing books is a one-dimensional procedure. An author creates content, believing that somebody may be interested in it. A publisher in-vests money in his book project, financing the production, the marketing and the distribution to the bookstores. The readers select the books in the bookstore under a wide range of decision criteria’s. At the end of the chain, the public libraries save the book, storing the information as cultural heritage. With the growth of digital printing technology, the Internet and data based publishing, a new type of book production is also in the discussions: Book-on-Demand (BoD). Especially suppliers of the new enabling technologies promote this new type of book. The argumentation for this book publishing strategy is guided very strong by the traditional way of book production and of traditional book concepts itself. Core feature of this BoD concept is the masterless print process of digital presses. Be-cause of this, the make ready times for printing decline to zero, the print production costs of one copy are the same as multi copy production. Since more then ten years this technical capability is used as Print-on-Demand PoD in invoice printing and other applications. Now also the bindery becomes “on-Demand”, the inline production of a single brochure is possible on a low but acceptable quality stage. But the extension from PoD to BoD did not change the book market in a larger way. Only some specific branches occurred where BoD could take some significant parts of the market share. But today’s BoD does not cast any doubt on the tradi-tional book itself. The main error of these first BoD concepts is that they ignore the real cost struc-ture of the books. Typically for a book for 20$ in the bookstore, only 0,17$ must be paid for the printing, and all technical costs including materials are below 2,50$ [1]. Because of this reason, real cost savings in production and logistics are not so high and only in some special applications BoD is attractive. We have to take another important fact into account: There are only a few authors writing books without any commercial interest and with the goal to sell only two or three copies. The success story of a book is, either in non-material or in commer-cial categories, to spread it. From this point of view, BoD is a disaster for the author and the publisher, who can not think about individual books economically. BoD solved only their second problem, the production. But the first problem, how to reach the reader who needs the book, remains. Consistently, today’s BoD is not really successful. We call this concepts “1st stage BoD (1°BoD)”, whereby the books are characterized by new production concepts and new output technologies (PoD, but also E-Books and CD-ROMs), but tradi-tional business models and content handling.

The electronic editions gives essentially new features to structure and organization for searching information by the reader and the information services providers. Before the computer revolution any edition on a library shelf or under a veil of a dust on a desk, before the reader took it in his hands, meant no more than was written in its catalogue card. (Certainly, we here do not speak about the editions surrounded with light of legends). Only the electronic edition is capable to speak at the top of its voice even in the absence of the reader. The complete dictionary index of the accessible editions, which 30 years back was the dream of any visitor of the scientific library, today has become the present damnation. Let’s imagine a reader who wants to find verses about love (about the real love). He will receive a vast list of references on 10, 20, 30, … ways of love, 1001 nights of love, legal, psychological, physiological features of love of sexual minorities, on love to the Fatherland and not love to certain characters. But he searched another matter! His wishes and ideas aspired to something different. He has simply formulated a search image, and the results of the search only hide his idea of love behind a detailed lexical map of the use of the word "love". Fortunately, it is possible to use the skill of the electronic editions to speak (we shall recollect Ahmatova’s verse: «I have learned women to speak, but God, who will force them to stop?») into a channel of intelligent, purposeful dialogue with the prospective reader. We shall in this paper discuss the technology ensuring such dialogue on the basis of the automated computed semantic search and analysis of the textual information. This dialogue is important not only for the reader, who hungers for the information he wants. It is extremely important for the author or publisher too because of the importance of the authentical prediction of the ways how to understand how the published text is understood by different categories of readers.

Electronic publishing, digitisation and improved data transmission allow media compa-nies other forms of co-operation. In addition, different models occur to integrate clients and users in the production process (Fraunhofer IAO 1999A). These trends also offer vast chances to start or extend international activities in the publishing industry. Besides a few global players, most publisher and media service companies are still ori-ented towards their regional markets. Nowadays many clients act more internationally, information is globally offered via internet, and new telecommunication providers enlarge possibilities to develop and distribute media services. Altogether, this is a challenge to most media companies which have to define their international orientation (Fraunhofer IAO 1999B). In classical media production, internationalisation primarily manifests itself as an in-crease in activities within Europe, especially in border regions. Such activities are facili-tated by European harmonisation and by a better technical infrastructure, and some customers expect the media industry to internationalise. In electronic publishing, how-ever, regions and closeness are becoming less important in some segments of clients and uses and co-operators, because more of all these activities happen via internet (European Commission 1998). Nevertheless, the regional orientation is still one chance to serve their specific markets. This specialisation can be a fundament for internationalisation by co-operation, because the transfer of media products into another country does not only demand translation, but needs to be aware of culture, values and habits. Depending on the subject and media channel, users abroad have a different common history, prefer other topics, and are used to specific forms of distribution (Fraunhofer IAO 1999C). In the German state of Baden-Württemberg, a two-years project focused on international co-operation in the media industry. On one hand, it looked at success factors and meth-ods to establish such interactions, on the other hand, it analysed work flows and im-proved interfaces with internationally cooperating partners. This paper presents the following results: 1. Empirical evidence of international co-operation in German media compa-nies 2. Case studies of medium-sized German publishers which practise international co-operations, especially in Eastern Europe 3. Analysis and design of organisational interfaces between internationally co-operating partners in electronic publishing 4. Conclusions and recommendations towards companies and politics

Computer technologies have been developing rapidly. The Internet gives great opportunities to consumers and gives access to wide information resources. It is a global information space and, as a result, a new type of social relations has formed. The complexity and diversity of relations in the sphere of the commercial and industrial use of results of intellectual activity have been increasing for a long time. As is well known, basic sources of law, which regulate social relations, are: treaties, national legislation, court decisions, custom. At present there are no treaties concerning Internet use, judicial practice and national legislation has only just been developing. As for customs, they are quite diverse and contradictory. In Russia, there are no court decisions concerning Internet and information technologies and there are some gaps in intellectual property legislation. I will here argue that it is possible and necessary to protect the intellectual property in the field of the Internet in Russia under existing conditions.

The paper discusses the use of electronic publishing for the preservation and dissemination of rare manuscript material. It is based both upon the authors’ earlier work on multimedia integration and upon their experience of designing and developing “Treasures of Islam: Art and Design in Islamic Manuscripts”. This trilingual multimedia CD-ROM (with interfaces in English, French and Arabic) contains rare or unique art work, together with a number of complete texts, selected from a collection of Islamic manuscripts held in the Department of Rare Books at McGill University. It combines text, still images, video sequences, music and voices. The paper deals with the following issues: Content selection (selection criteria, authentication); Digitization; Authoring system; Interface design; Information-seeking approaches; Multimedia integration; Multilingualism; Copyright; and Production and marketing. The paper also discusses CD-ROM versus the Web as a publication medium for this type of material.

It is a foregone conclusion that all refereed journals will soon be available online; most of them already are. This means that one can access them from any networked desk-top. The literature will all be interconnected by citation, author, and keyword/subject links, allowing for unheard-of power and ease of access and navigability. Successive drafts of pre-refereeing preprints will be linked to the official refereed draft, as well as to any subsequent corrections, revisions, updates, comments, responses, and underlying empirical databases, all enhancing the self-correctiveness and interactiveness of scholarly and scientific research and communication in remarkable new ways. But there is still one last frontier to cross before science reaches the optimal and the inevitable: Just as there is no longer any need to be constrained by the access-blocking restrictions of paper distribution, there is no longer any need to be constrained by the access-blocking financial fire-walls of Subscription/Site-License/Pay-Per-View (S/L/P) tolls for this give-away literature that its authors have always donated for free (and its referees have refereed for free), with the sole goal of maximizing their impact on research (by accessing the eyes and minds of fellow-research) and hence on society.

This paper reports on a small pilot project undertaken during May 2000 at the Department of Information Science, Loughborough University. The study considers student and staff evaluation of two electronic reader products which are available for purchase in the United Kingdom – NuvoMedia’s Rocket eBook (hardware and software) and Glassbook Inc’s Glassbook (software). As the paper concludes, although there is a real opportunity for future development of these devices, the findings raise concerns on the present usability of the two products. The paper is split into three main sections:  A background section considering the products, their history and current capabilities;  Results of the pilot project;  Conclusions.

In most industry nations there is a shift of employment and added value from production indus-try to service industry . In Germany in 1998 64% of all employees worked in the service sector and achieved 68% of added value . This trend can be observed in the publishing field as well. It influences the future expectations of the management. In 1999 about only 6% of the publishers in Germany expected an increase of importance of book- and newspaper-market, but 30% ex-pected an decreasing importance. Optimists and pessimist are balanced in the matter of the magazine market. 80% of the interviewed are expecting an increasing importance for services, multimedia and internet , but publishers do have problems to attune to this challenge. High specialised in the publishing market they feel safe and unassailable, but the new technology has become a opportunity and a threat for them. The huge technologic development is not pushed by the publishers, in many cases they even cannot keep pace. To get new competitor profiles without relying only on technology, an alternative could be to offer services around the traditional products. This presumption is supported by an analysis of traditional service markets. Expenses, product quality, or technology are not critical product features but rather the offer of really innovative services, characterized through recentness, continuous improvement, and proximity to customer.

The notion of cyber-journal embraces all the different forms of e-publishing in cyber-space (the virtual and non geographical world generated by the Internet) to the extent that they provide news reporting, such as e-versions of newspapers, news bulletins and TV news; news (section of) mail-lists, search-engines and portals; web-zines, personal news web sites, etc. This wide notion appeals both to technical and legal reasons. Technically, news-reporting (considered as the whole of its publishing and journalistic profession terms) consists of the process of selection, organisation and diffusion of facts considered to be relevant to the social community, regardless of the practical form this process implies. Legally, as a consequence of its social function in modern democracies, news-reporting is the most important expression of the principle of Freedom of information. We can say that Freedom of information becomes news-reporting when the information provided acquires, for its content and form, a public dimension. Though news-reporting is subject to the same general protection of Freedom of information, it may give rise to more particular problems, mostly for its economic implications, which will be considered in the next paragraphs. The right of Freedom of information is recognised to every individual by international law, particularly in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted in 1948 by the General Assembly of the United Nations (ONU), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention of Human Rights. All these international acts proclaim the ability of everyone to exercise Freedom of information “regardless of frontiers”. The latter principle is the main point of our discussion. Cyber-journal corresponds exactly to that: news-reporting provided by any individual at its pure no-frontiers dimension. This is a real phenomenon: it is a matter of fact - an increasing number of news-sites managed by individuals are accessible from everywhere, through the Internet. A proper legal regime of cyber-journal, or on-line news-reporting, has to adapt law to this new reality of Freedom of information not to repress it

Online submission and peer review is emerging as the next step forward for many journal publishers in an ever increasing drive to take advantage of technological improvements in transferring data electronically over the internet. The Electronic Submission and PEer REview (ESPERE) project was initiated in 1996 as an electronic Libraries (eLib) initiative of the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE). Subsequently the project continued as a self-funding group composed of a consortium of learned society and commercial journal publishers intent on utilising the changes in technology to improve the services they provide to their authors as well as cutting their costs and increasing efficiencies. Traditionally the submission and peer review process has been a paper-based system with authors submitting to a journal using the postal service. Referees are then assigned, by a variety of methods, and sent copies of the manuscript to review and report upon. Technological advances have allowed other methods of transferring the information between parties such as facsimile and email, but although these methods speed up the process they suffer drawbacks in quality (facsimile) and size/platform limitations (email). More importantly they do not address how the information can be managed effectively.

In 1661 the Royal Library (Kungl. biblioteket, abbreviated KB) was assigned the task of collecting all Swedish printed publications. Since then KB has collected, preserved and given access to an important part of our cultural and historical heritage. In the future an increasing amount of material will be published on the Internet, and only on the Internet. If the Royal Library is going to continue to fulfil its historic role, the activities must be widened to encompass also what is published electronically. In 1996 KB inaugurated a project, entitled Kulturarw³ (The Swedish Archiw³e) to address those issues. The aim of the project is to test methods of collecting, preserving and providing access to Swedish electronic documents, which are accessible on line in such a way that they can be regarded as published. Since the start of the project there have been made seven complete downloads of the Swedish web. Currently, the collection comprises about 65 million items. About half of them are text documents, mostly html and plain text. Through this project KB is also laying the foundations of a collection of Swedish electronic publishing for our time and for coming generations.

This paper reports on a survey carried out at the University of the West of England (UWE) into the use of electronic journals (e-journals) by academics and their attitudes towards them. The study is set within the context of the rapid expansion of e-journals and their potential impact on scholarly communication, and compared with previous user surveys reported in the literature. The findings suggest that while there is a high level of interest in, and acceptance of e-journals within the academic community, use of them is limited. Their impact on the role of the library is discussed.

Abstract Electronic publishing, and in particular Web-based publishing, has assumed an increasing importance in higher education. The possibility of delivering learning material to students over an extranet, thus bypassing the need for investment in usual university infrastructure, is clearly an attractive option for many institutions. Teaching staff, even those who are not particularly technically competent, often possess sufficient skills to publish text-based learning material on an extranet. However, this approach to the electronic delivery of courses in essence treats the Web as little more than a "fax-broadcast" medium. Furthermore, recent research suggests that students do not learn effectively from text-only Web-based courses. The development of plug-in technologies such as Shockwave has enhanced the capabilities of browsers, so it is now possible to deliver highly interactive media-rich learning material over an extranet. This approach has recently been applied successfully in several higher education institutions. However, the authoring of such material requires advanced scripting skills. Furthermore, many of the more successful multimedia-supporting technologies, like Shockwave and Neuron, are proprietary formats. The promise of Synchronised Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL), a W3C standard, is that it will have the same effect upon the publishing of synchronised multimedia as HTML had upon the publishing of text and static multimedia. This paper describes a pilot project to deliver multimedia learning materials over an extranet using SMIL; this approach is compared with the delivery of similar materials using proprietary plug-in technologies.

Electronic encyclopedias are intended both for mass, and for the professional consultation using knowledge in them. The special place of encyclopedias among text-through electronic libraries is connected with an opportunity of construction the searching systems that provides answers reception on intellectual inquiries of the information consumers. The special approach to the organization of documents storage as knowledge bases, makes possible application of electronic encyclopedias for the automatic users problems decision, with the help of knowledge processing procedures. Works on creation the universal system VEDA for construction the electronic document storehouses and mechanisms of their processing are conducted in the Internet center of the Kuban University.

At the R&D department at AerotechTelub Information and Media, we have carried out a study on new ways to search and present information to different user categories. The result of this study was a browser with a new interface - a new XML browser. The project originated in developing the next generation of spare parts catalogues for the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (DMA). The solution presented was based on a new user interface comprising a mixture of presenting structure, interactive 3D and text information on the same screen. The 3D-technique that just recently was available only to those with big money and a state of the art computer is now available to anyone with standard equipment. On the way we realised that this way of presenting information gave a clear and easy-to-understand view of the objects described and opened up for a phase 2 of the study. In this second phase the user interface was further developed to allow fast access to all document types (repair manuals, functional descriptions, spare parts catalogues etc) using the structure and interactive 3D for "vertical navigation" and filters for the different document types for "horizontal navigation".

XML is an SGML-based language designed for the interchange of documents with more flexible and powerful features than those provided by HTML. It can be considered as an intermediate step between HTML and SGML. On one hand, it is a fully conformant SGML application, but without most of the features of SGML that make it complex to handle or that are rarely used. On the other hand, XML is not restricted to a fixed DTD as HTML is: users can choose from the set of available DTDs the one that is best suited for their applications, or develop new ones for fully satisfying their requirements. Although XML is initially a meta-language intended for publishing on the Web, there are many other applications of XML. Some of them are being widely used, some others are under investigation and some others still need be to be conceived. In the paper, we describe some general uses of XML, such as metadata description or XML/EDI, and some experiences with XML, that include statistics handling, forms interchange, and XML/EDI payment.

XML is the proposed electronic publishing and data interchange format of the future. Currently XML is immature with little tool support, particularly for end-user World Wide Web browser display. At present many journal publishers typeset their articles, or at least their article metadata, in SGML which is converted to HTML for end-user display. The SGML article metadata is used for electronic data interchange for supply to external aggregating and abstracting agencies. This paper discusses the change to the electronic journal publishing production process implied by an adoption of the World Wide Web standard format of XML, the problems associated with using and displaying XML now, and the future benefits of adopting a standard interchange format. Real work experience gained by working with journal publishers in actual electronic publishing scenarios is used as illustration. Keywords. XML, electronic journals, metadata, DTD, electronic data interchange.